Member states are free to prioritise among these areas in their national programmes. In Hungary, funds have primarily been directed toward infrastructure and employment initiatives, while research, innovation, and green projects have received proportionally less support.

Though the government claimed the parade was being held on “Brussels’ orders,” opposition figures seized the moment to reframe the event not as a foreign imposition but as a democratic necessity, which ended up in the largest protest in Hungary's recent history.

Once hailed as a liberal reformer, Viktor Orbán has spent the past decade engineering one of the EU’s most enduring illiberal regimes. Orbán’s system faces new pressures. But for now, he remains unshaken.

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